Genes and Development

Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search] [Contents]
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Czaplinski, K.
Right arrow Articles by Peltz, S. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Czaplinski, K.
Right arrow Articles by Peltz, S. W.
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 1665-1677, June 1, 1998

RESEARCH PAPER
The surveillance complex interacts with the translation release factors to enhance termination and degrade aberrant mRNAs

Kevin Czaplinski,1,2 Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarria,1 Sergey V. Paushkin,3 Xia Han,1,2 Youmin Weng,1,2 Haley A. Perlick,4 Harry C. Dietz,4,5 Michael D. Ter-Avanesyan,3 and Stuart W. Peltz1,2,6,7

1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and 2 Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences at University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)/Rutgers Universities, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School-UMDNJ, 3 Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, 121552 Russia; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, 5 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 USA; and 6 Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 USA

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway is an example of an evolutionarily conserved surveillance pathway that rids the cell of transcripts that contain nonsense mutations. The product of the UPF1 gene is a necessary component of the putative surveillance complex that recognizes and degrades aberrant mRNAs. Recent results indicate that the Upf1p also enhances translation termination at a nonsense codon. The results presented here demonstrate that the yeast and human forms of the Upf1p interact with both eukaryotic translation termination factors eRF1 and eRF3. Consistent with Upf1p interacting with the eRFs, the Upf1p is found in the prion-like aggregates that contain eRF1 and eRF3 observed in yeast [PSI+] strains. These results suggest that interaction of the Upf1p with the peptidyl release factors may be a key event in the assembly of the putative surveillance complex that enhances translation termination, monitors whether termination has occurred prematurely, and promotes degradation of aberrant transcripts.

[Key Words: mRNA decay; translation termination; release factors; nonsense mutation; ribosome; mRNA surveillance]


GENES & DEVELOPMENT 12:1665-1677 © 1998 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 0890-9369/98 $5.00

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
J. Weischenfeldt, I. Damgaard, D. Bryder, K. Theilgaard-Monch, L. A. Thoren, F. C. Nielsen, S. E. W. Jacobsen, C. Nerlov, and B. T. Porse
NMD is essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and for eliminating by-products of programmed DNA rearrangements
Genes & Dev., May 15, 2008; 22(10): 1381 - 1396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
I. Hatin, C. Fabret, O. Namy, W. A. Decatur, and J.-P. Rousset
Fine-Tuning of Translation Termination Efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Involves Two Factors in Close Proximity to the Exit Tunnel of the Ribosome
Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1527 - 1537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Cell Biol.Home page
S. Durand, N. Cougot, F. Mahuteau-Betzer, C.-H. Nguyen, D. S. Grierson, E. Bertrand, J. Tazi, and F. Lejeune
Inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) by a new chemical molecule reveals the dynamic of NMD factors in P-bodies
J. Cell Biol., September 24, 2007; 178(7): 1145 - 1160.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
L. Johns, A. Grimson, S. L. Kuchma, C. L. Newman, and P. Anderson
Caenorhabditis elegans SMG-2 Selectively Marks mRNAs Containing Premature Translation Termination Codons
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2007; 27(16): 5630 - 5638.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
RNAHome page
J. Kadlec, D. Guilligay, R. B. Ravelli, and S. Cusack
Crystal structure of the UPF2-interacting domain of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor UPF1
RNA, October 1, 2006; 12(10): 1817 - 1824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eukaryot CellHome page
A. K. Kallmeyer, K. M. Keeling, and D. M. Bedwell
Eukaryotic Release Factor 1 Phosphorylation by CK2 Protein Kinase Is Dynamic but Has Little Effect on the Efficiency of Translation Termination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2006; 5(8): 1378 - 1387.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
K. M. Keeling, J. Salas-Marco, L. Z. Osherovich, and D. M. Bedwell
Tpa1p Is Part of an mRNP Complex That Influences Translation Termination, mRNA Deadenylation, and mRNA Turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2006; 26(14): 5237 - 5248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
W. Wang, I. J. Cajigas, S. W. Peltz, M. F. Wilkinson, and C. I. Gonzalez
Role for Upf2p Phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay.
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2006; 26(9): 3390 - 3400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
A. Mehta, C. R. Trotta, and S. W. Peltz
Derepression of the Her-2 uORF is mediated by a novel post-transcriptional control mechanism in cancer cells
Genes & Dev., April 15, 2006; 20(8): 939 - 953.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
I. Behm-Ansmant and E. Izaurralde
Quality control of gene expression: a stepwise assembly pathway for the surveillance complex that triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
Genes & Dev., February 15, 2006; 20(4): 391 - 398.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
I. Kashima, A. Yamashita, N. Izumi, N. Kataoka, R. Morishita, S. Hoshino, M. Ohno, G. Dreyfuss, and S. Ohno
Binding of a novel SMG-1-Upf1-eRF1-eRF3 complex (SURF) to the exon junction complex triggers Upf1 phosphorylation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Genes & Dev., February 1, 2006; 20(3): 355 - 367.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S. Vasudevan, N. Garneau, D. Tu Khounh, and S. W. Peltz
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Hog1p Regulates Translation of the AU-Rich-Element-Bearing MFA2 Transcript
Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2005; 25(22): 9753 - 9763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Plant Physiol.Home page
K. A. Petsch, J. Mylne, and J. R. Botella
Cosuppression of Eukaryotic Release Factor 1-1 in Arabidopsis Affects Cell Elongation and Radial Cell Division
Plant Physiology, September 1, 2005; 139(1): 115 - 126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Protein Eng Des SelHome page
E. Ilegems, H. M. Pick, and H. Vogel
Downregulation of eRF1 by RNA interference increases mis-acylated tRNA suppression efficiency in human cells
Protein Eng. Des. Sel., December 1, 2004; 17(12): 821 - 827.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
RNAHome page
J. W. HARGER and J. D. DINMAN
Evidence against a direct role for the Upf proteins in frameshifting or nonsense codon readthrough
RNA, November 18, 2004; 10(11): 1721 - 1729.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Kobayashi, Y. Funakoshi, S.-i. Hoshino, and T. Katada
The GTP-binding Release Factor eRF3 as a Key Mediator Coupling Translation Termination to mRNA Decay
J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 2004; 279(44): 45693 - 45700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. Grimson, S. O'Connor, C. L. Newman, and P. Anderson
SMG-1 Is a Phosphatidylinositol Kinase-Related Protein Kinase Required for Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Caenorhabditis elegans
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2004; 24(17): 7483 - 7490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Nucleic Acids ResHome page
D. M. Janzen and A. P. Geballe
The effect of eukaryotic release factor depletion on translation termination in human cell lines
Nucleic Acids Res., August 23, 2004; 32(15): 4491 - 4502.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Inacio, A. L. Silva, J. Pinto, X. Ji, A. Morgado, F. Almeida, P. Faustino, J. Lavinha, S. A. Liebhaber, and L. Romao
Nonsense Mutations in Close Proximity to the Initiation Codon Fail to Trigger Full Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
J. Biol. Chem., July 30, 2004; 279(31): 32170 - 32180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
RNAHome page
K. M. KEELING, J. LANIER, M. DU, J. SALAS-MARCO, L. GAO, A. KAENJAK-ANGELETTI, and D. M. BEDWELL
Leaky termination at premature stop codons antagonizes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in S. cerevisiae
RNA, April 1, 2004; 10(4): 691 - 703.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
A. Nott, H. Le Hir, and M. J. Moore
Splicing enhances translation in mammalian cells: an additional function of the exon junction complex
Genes & Dev., January 15, 2004; 18(2): 210 - 222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
A. T. Chao, H. A. Dierick, T. M. Addy, and A. Bejsovec
Mutations in Eukaryotic Release Factors 1 and 3 Act as General Nonsense Suppressors in Drosophila
Genetics, October 1, 2003; 165(2): 601 - 612.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
C.-Y. A. Chen and A.-B. Shyu
Rapid Deadenylation Triggered by a Nonsense Codon Precedes Decay of the RNA Body in a Mammalian Cytoplasmic Nonsense-Mediated Decay Pathway
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 15, 2003; 23(14): 4805 - 4813.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Nucleic Acids ResHome page
C. R. Alonso and M. Akam
A Hox gene mutation that triggers nonsense-mediated RNA decay and affects alternative splicing during Drosophila development
Nucleic Acids Res., July 15, 2003; 31(14): 3873 - 3880.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Nucleic Acids ResHome page
Y. Inagaki, C. Blouin, E. Susko, and A. J. Roger
Assessing functional divergence in EF-1{alpha} and its paralogs in eukaryotes and archaebacteria
Nucleic Acids Res., July 15, 2003; 31(14): 4227 - 4237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. B. Maderazo, J. P. Belk, F. He, and A. Jacobson
Nonsense-Containing mRNAs That Accumulate in the Absence of a Functional Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway Are Destabilized Rapidly upon Its Restitution
Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2003; 23(3): 842 - 851.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
RNAHome page
S.-Y. CHIU, G. SERIN, O. OHARA, and L. E. MAQUAT
Characterization of human Smg5/7a: A protein with similarities to Caenorhabditis elegans SMG5 and SMG7 that functions in the dephosphorylation of Upf1
RNA, January 1, 2003; 9(1): 77 - 87.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Uchida, S.-i. Hoshino, H. Imataka, N. Sonenberg, and T. Katada
A Novel Role of the Mammalian GSPT/eRF3 Associating with Poly(A)-binding Protein in Cap/Poly(A)-dependent Translation
J. Biol. Chem., December 20, 2002; 277(52): 50286 - 50292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
J. Lykke-Andersen
Identification of a Human Decapping Complex Associated with hUpf Proteins in Nonsense-Mediated Decay
Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 2002; 22(23): 8114 - 8121.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
R. L. Shirley, A. S. Ford, M. R. Richards, M. Albertini, and M. R. Culbertson
Nuclear Import of Upf3p Is Mediated by Importin-{alpha}/-{beta} and Export to the Cytoplasm Is Required for a Functional Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway in Yeast
Genetics, August 1, 2002; 161(4): 1465 - 1482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
B. Cosson, A. Couturier, S. Chabelskaya, D. Kiktev, S. Inge-Vechtomov, M. Philippe, and G. Zhouravleva
Poly(A)-Binding Protein Acts in Translation Termination via Eukaryotic Release Factor 3 Interaction and Does Not Influence [PSI+] Propagation
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2002; 22(10): 3301 - 3315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Hum Mol GenetHome page
K. S. Brocke, G. Neu-Yilik, N. H. Gehring, M. W. Hentze, and A. E. Kulozik
The human intronless melanocortin 4-receptor gene is NMD insensitive
Hum. Mol. Genet., February 1, 2002; 11(3): 331 - 335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Cell Sci.Home page
E. Wagner and J. Lykke-Andersen
mRNA surveillance: the perfect persist
J. Cell Sci., January 8, 2002; 115(15): 3033 - 3038.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
K. V. Volkov, A. Yu. Aksenova, M. J. Soom, K. V. Osipov, A. V. Svitin, C. Kurischko, I. S. Shkundina, M. D. Ter-Avanesyan, S. G. Inge-Vechtomov, and L. N. Mironova
Novel Non-Mendelian Determinant Involved in the Control of Translation Accuracy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, January 1, 2002; 160(1): 25 - 36.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Watanabe, K. E. Magor, and P. Parham
Exon 5 Encoding the Transmembrane Region of HLA-A Contains a Transitional Region for the Induction of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay
J. Immunol., December 15, 2001; 167(12): 6901 - 6911.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. T. Bond, D. A. Mangus, F. He, and A. Jacobson
Absence of Dbp2p Alters Both Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay and rRNA Processing
Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2001; 21(21): 7366 - 7379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
A. Yamashita, T. Ohnishi, I. Kashima, Y. Taya, and S. Ohno
Human SMG-1, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase, associates with components of the mRNA surveillance complex and is involved in the regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Genes & Dev., September 1, 2001; 15(17): 2215 - 2228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
K. S. Rajavel and E. F. Neufeld
Nonsense-Mediated Decay of Human HEXA mRNA
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2001; 21(16): 5512 - 5519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Biol. CellHome page
X. Sun, X. Li, P. M. Moriarty, T. Henics, J. P. LaDuca, and L. E. Maquat
Nonsense-mediated Decay of mRNA for the Selenoprotein Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase Is Detectable in Cultured Cells but Masked or Inhibited in Rat Tissues
Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2001; 12(4): 1009 - 1017.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
F. He and A. Jacobson
Upf1p, Nmd2p, and Upf3p Regulate the Decapping and Exonucleolytic Degradation of both Nonsense-Containing mRNAs and Wild-Type mRNAs
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2001; 21(5): 1515 - 1530.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
MicrobiologyHome page
G. Bertram, S. Innes, O. Minella, J. P. Richardson, and I. Stansfield
Endless possibilities: translation termination and stop codon recognition
Microbiology, February 1, 2001; 147(2): 255 - 269.
[Full Text]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
G. Serin, A. Gersappe, J. D. Black, R. Aronoff, and L. E. Maquat
Identification and Characterization of Human Orthologues to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Upf2 Protein and Upf3 Protein (Caenorhabditis elegans SMG-4)
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2001; 21(1): 209 - 223.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
J. T. Mendell, S. M. Medghalchi, R. G. Lake, E. N. Noensie, and H. C. Dietz
Novel Upf2p Orthologues Suggest a Functional Link between Translation Initiation and Nonsense Surveillance Complexes
Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 2000; 20(23): 8944 - 8957.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. Chacinska, M. Boguta, J. Krzewska, and S. Rospert
Prion-Dependent Switching between Respiratory Competence and Deficiency in the Yeast nam9-1 Mutant
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2000; 20(19): 7220 - 7229.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. B. Maderazo, F. He, D. A. Mangus, and A. Jacobson
Upf1p Control of Nonsense mRNA Translation Is Regulated by Nmd2p and Upf3p
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2000; 20(13): 4591 - 4603.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
J. R. Mullen, V. Kaliraman, and S. J. Brill
Bipartite Structure of the SGS1 DNA Helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, March 1, 2000; 154(3): 1101 - 1114.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
R. B. Wickner, K. L. Taylor, H. K. Edskes, M.-L. Maddelein, H. Moriyama, and B. T. Roberts
Prions in Saccharomyces and Podospora spp.: Protein-Based Inheritance
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 1999; 63(4): 844 - 861.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Biol. CellHome page
D. Muhlrad and R. Parker
Recognition of Yeast mRNAs as "Nonsense Containing" Leads to Both Inhibition of mRNA Translation and mRNA Degradation: Implications for the Control of mRNA Decapping
Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 1999; 10(11): 3971 - 3978.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Hum Mol GenetHome page
P. A. Frischmeyer and HarryC. Dietz
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decayin health and disease
Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 1999; 8(10): 1893 - 1900.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
M. F. Page, B. Carr, K. R. Anders, A. Grimson, and P. Anderson
SMG-2 Is a Phosphorylated Protein Required for mRNA Surveillance in Caenorhabditis elegans and Related to Upf1p of Yeast
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 1999; 19(9): 5943 - 5951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S.-i. Hoshino, M. Imai, T. Kobayashi, N. Uchida, and T. Katada
The Eukaryotic Polypeptide Chain Releasing Factor (eRF3/GSPT) Carrying the Translation Termination Signal to the 3'-Poly(A) Tail of mRNA. DIRECT ASSOCIATION OF eRF3/GSPT WITH POLYADENYLATE-BINDING PROTEIN
J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 1999; 274(24): 16677 - 16680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
J. H.-N. Ho and A. W. Johnson
NMD3 Encodes an Essential Cytoplasmic Protein Required for Stable 60S Ribosomal Subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 1999; 19(3): 2389 - 2399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GeneticsHome page
B. M. Cali, S. L. Kuchma, J. Latham, and P. Anderson
smg-7 Is Required for mRNA Surveillance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics, February 1, 1999; 151(2): 605 - 616.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. W. Liebman and I. L. Derkatch
The Yeast [PSI+] Prion: Making Sense of Nonsense
J. Biol. Chem., January 15, 1999; 274(3): 1181 - 1184.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S. W. Peltz, A. B. Hammell, Y. Cui, J. Yasenchak, L. Puljanowski, and J. D. Dinman
Ribosomal Protein L3 Mutants Alter Translational Fidelity and Promote Rapid Loss of the Yeast Killer Virus
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 1999; 19(1): 384 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
J. E. G. McCarthy
Posttranscriptional Control of Gene Expression in Yeast
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 1998; 62(4): 1492 - 1553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. J. Ruiz-Echevarria, J. M. Yasenchak, X. Han, J. D. Dinman, and S. W. Peltz
The Upf3 protein is a component of the surveillance complex that monitors both translation and mRNA turnover and affects viral propagation
PNAS, July 21, 1998; 95(15): 8721 - 8726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search]