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Vol. 12, No. 13, pp. 1986-1997, July 1, 1998
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
New York 11724 USA
The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family is a
growing family of chromosomal ATPases. The founding class of SMC protein complexes, condensins, plays a central role in mitotic chromosome condensation. We report here a new class of SMC protein complexes containing XSMC1 and XSMC3, Xenopus homologs of yeast Smc1p and Smc3p, respectively. The protein complexes (termed cohesins) exist as two major forms with sedimentation coefficients of 9S and 14S.
9S cohesin is a heterodimer of XSMC1 and XSMC3, whereas 14S cohesin
contains three additional subunits. One of them has been identified as
a Xenopus homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Rad21p implicated in DNA repair and the Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Scc1p/Mcd1p implicated in sister chromatid
cohesion. 14S cohesin binds to interphase chromatin independently of
DNA replication and dissociates from it at the onset of mitosis.
Immunodepletion of cohesins during interphase causes defects in sister
chromatid cohesion in subsequent mitosis, whereas condensation is
unaffected. These results suggest that proper assembly of mitotic
chromosomes is regulated by two distinct classes of SMC protein
complexes, cohesins and condensins.
[Key Words: Sister chromatid cohesion; chromosome condensation; the SMC family; X. laevis; cell-free system]
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