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Vol. 12, No. 18, pp. 2932-2942, September 15, 1998
1 Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New
Jersey 08854-8020 USA;
2 Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1479 USA
Meiotic recombination requires the action of several gene products
in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila
melanogaster. Genetic studies in D. melanogaster have shown
that the mei-W68 gene is required for all meiotic gene
conversion and crossing-over. We cloned mei-W68 using a new
genetic mapping method in which P elements are used to promote
crossing-over at their insertion sites. This resulted in the
high-resolution mapping of mei-W68 to a <18-kb region that
contains a homolog of the S. cerevisiae spo11 gene. Molecular
analysis of several mutants confirmed that mei-W68 encodes an
spo11 homolog. Spo11 and MEI-W68 are members of a family of
proteins similar to a novel type II topoisomerase. On the basis of this
and other lines of evidence, Spo11 has been proposed to be the
enzymatic activity that creates the double-strand breaks needed to
initiate meiotic recombination. This raises the possibility that
recombination in Drosophila is also initiated by double-strand
breaks. Although these homologous genes are required absolutely for
recombination in both species, their roles differ in other respects. In
contrast to spo11, mei-W68 is not required for
synaptonemal complex formation and does have a mitotic role.
[Key Words: Meiotic recombination; synaptonemal complex; Drosophila; meiosis; double-strand break]
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