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Vol. 12, No. 21, pp. 3325-3330, November 1, 1998
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of
Genetics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
California 94720 USA
Insulator DNAs and promoter competition regulate
enhancer-promoter interactions within complex genetic loci. A
transgenic embryo assay was used to obtain evidence that the
Drosophila eve promoter possesses an insulator activity that
can be uncoupled from the core elements that mediate competition. The
eve promoter contains an optimal TATA element and a GAGA
sequence. The analysis of various chimeric promoters provides evidence
that TATA is essential for promoter competition, whereas GAGA mediates
enhancer blocking. The Trithorax-like (Trl) protein interacts with
GAGA, and mutations in trl attenuate eve promoter
insulator activity. We suggest that Trl-GAGA increases the stability
of enhancer-promoter interactions by creating an open chromatin
configuration at the core promoter.
[Key Words: GAGA; enhancer-promoter interactions; Drosophila embryo; insulators]
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