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Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 3900-3909, December 15, 1998
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of
Molecular Biology, and
2 Laboratory of Genetics, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA;
3 Institute for
Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Ku,
Seoul, 151-742, Korea
A small number of major regulatory (selector) genes have been
identified in animals that control the development of particular organs
or complex structures. In Drosophila, the vestigial
gene is required for wing formation and is able to induce wing-like outgrowths on other structures. However, the molecular function of the
nuclear Vestigial protein, which bears no informative similarities to
other proteins, was unknown. Here, we show that Vestigial requires the
function of the Scalloped protein, a member of the TEA family of
transcriptional regulators, to directly activate the expression of
genes involved in wing morphogenesis. Genetic and molecular analyses
reveal that Vestigial regulates wing identity by forming a complex with
the Scalloped protein that binds sequence specifically to essential
sites in wing-specific enhancers. These enhancers also require the
direct inputs of signaling pathways, and the response of an enhancer
can be switched to another pathway through changes in signal-transducer
binding sites. Combinatorial regulation by selector proteins and signal
transducers is likely to be a general feature of the tissue-specific
control of gene expression during organogenesis.
[Key Words: Organogenesis; signal transduction; selector gene; cis-regulatory elements; wing development]
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