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Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 734-744, March 1, 1998
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories,
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland 21210 USA
Over-replication of two clusters of chorion genes in
Drosophila ovarian follicle cells is essential for rapid
eggshell biosynthesis. The relationship of this amplification to the
follicle cell cycles has remained unclear. To investigate the
regulation of amplification, we developed a technique to detect
amplifying chorion genes in individual follicle cells using BrdU
incorporation and FISH. Amplification occurs in two developmental
phases. One of the gene clusters begins to amplify periodically during
S phases of follicle cell endocycles. Subsequently, after endocycles
have ceased, both clusters amplify continuously during the remainder of
oogenesis. In contrast to the early phase, late amplification commences
synchronously among follicle cells. The pattern of Cyclin E expression
mirrors these two phases. We present evidence that Cyclin E is required
positively for amplification. We suggest that Cyclin E also acts
negatively to inhibit refiring of most origins within a cycle, and that
specific factors at chorion origins allow them to escape this negative rereplication control. Our findings suggest that chorion amplification is a model for understanding metazoan replicons and the controls that
restrict replication to once per cell cycle.
[Key Words: Drosophila; oogenesis; chorion; amplification; replication; cyclin E]
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