![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 593-606, March 1, 1999
-tropomyosin gene
1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New
York 11724 USA; 2 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program,
State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Stony Brook, New York 11790 USA
In the rat 
-tropomyosin (-TM) gene, exons 6 and 7 are spliced
alternatively in a mutually exclusive manner. Exon 6 is included in
mRNA encoding nonmuscle TM-1, whereas exon 7 is used in mRNA encoding
skeletal muscle -TM. Previously, we demonstrated that a six
nucleotide mutation at the 5' end of exon 7, designated as ex-1,
activated exon 7 splicing in nonmuscle cells. In this study, we show
that the activating effect of this mutation is not the result of
creating an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) or disrupting a putative
secondary structure. The sequence in exon 7 acts as a bona fide exonic
splicing silencer (ESS), which is bound specifically by a
trans-acting factor. Isolation and peptide sequencing reveal
that this factor is hnRNP H, a member of the heterogeneous nuclear
ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family. Binding of hnRNP H correlates with
the ESS activity. Furthermore, addition of antibodies that specifically
recognizes hnRNP H to the splicing reactions or partial depletion of
hnRNP H from nuclear extract activates exon 7 splicing in vitro and
this effect can be reversed by addition of purified recombinant hnRNP
H. These results indicate that hnRNP H participates in exclusion of
exon 7 in nonmuscle cells. The involvement of hnRNP H in the activity
of an ESS may represent a prototype for the regulation of tissue- and
developmental-specific alternative splicing.
[Key Words: RNA processing; cis-acting element; trans-acting factor; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins; RNA-protein interaction]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Hai, W. Cao, G. Liu, S.-P. Hong, S. A. Elela, R. Klinck, J. Chu, and J. Xie A G-tract element in apoptotic agents-induced alternative splicing Nucleic Acids Res., June 1, 2008; 36(10): 3320 - 3331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Wang and C. B. Burge Splicing regulation: From a parts list of regulatory elements to an integrated splicing code RNA, May 1, 2008; 14(5): 802 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Ohno, M. Hagiwara, and H. Kuroyanagi STAR family RNA-binding protein ASD-2 regulates developmental switching of mutually exclusive alternative splicing in vivo Genes & Dev., February 1, 2008; 22(3): 360 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Gunning, G. O'neill, and E. Hardeman Tropomyosin-Based Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Time and Space Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 1 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Schaub, S. R. Lopez, and M. Caputi Members of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Family Activate Splicing of an HIV-1 Splicing Substrate by Promoting Formation of ATP-dependent Spliceosomal Complexes J. Biol. Chem., May 4, 2007; 282(18): 13617 - 13626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Marcucci, F. E. Baralle, and M. Romano Complex splicing control of the human Thrombopoietin gene by intronic G runs Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(1): 132 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. B. Crawford and J. G. Patton Activation of {alpha}-Tropomyosin Exon 2 Is Regulated by the SR Protein 9G8 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins H and F Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 2006; 26(23): 8791 - 8802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Dominguez and F. H.-T. Allain NMR structure of the three quasi RNA recognition motifs (qRRMs) of human hnRNP F and interaction studies with Bcl-x G-tract RNA: a novel mode of RNA recognition Nucleic Acids Res., August 2, 2006; 34(13): 3634 - 3645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Buratti, M. Baralle, and F. E. Baralle Defective splicing, disease and therapy: searching for master checkpoints in exon definition Nucleic Acids Res., July 19, 2006; 34(12): 3494 - 3510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cathelin, C. Rebe, L. Haddaoui, N. Simioni, F. Verdier, M. Fontenay, S. Launay, P. Mayeux, and E. Solary Identification of Proteins Cleaved Downstream of Caspase Activation in Monocytes Undergoing Macrophage Differentiation J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2006; 281(26): 17779 - 17788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-N. Grellscheid and C. W. J. Smith An Apparent Pseudo-Exon Acts both as an Alternative Exon That Leads to Nonsense-Mediated Decay and as a Zero-Length Exon. Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2006; 26(6): 2237 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Kralovicova and I. Vorechovsky Position-Dependent Repression and Promotion of DQB1 Intron 3 Splicing by GGGG Motifs J. Immunol., February 15, 2006; 176(4): 2381 - 2388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. McNally, L. Yee, and M. T. McNally Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Is Required for Optimal U11 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Binding to a Retroviral RNA-processing Control Element: IMPLICATIONS FOR U12-DEPENDENT RNA SPLICING J. Biol. Chem., February 3, 2006; 281(5): 2478 - 2488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Mercado, Y. M. Ayala, M. Romano, E. Buratti, and F. E. Baralle Depletion of TDP 43 overrides the need for exonic and intronic splicing enhancers in the human apoA-II gene Nucleic Acids Res., October 27, 2005; 33(18): 6000 - 6010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Kim, M.-A. Langlois, K.-B. Lee, A. D. Riggs, J. Puymirat, and J. J. Rossi HnRNP H inhibits nuclear export of mRNA containing expanded CUG repeats and a distal branch point sequence Nucleic Acids Res., July 15, 2005; 33(12): 3866 - 3874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Garneau, T. Revil, J.-F. Fisette, and B. Chabot Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F/H Proteins Modulate the Alternative Splicing of the Apoptotic Mediator Bcl-x J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 22641 - 22650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. Wei, D.-F. Guo, S.-L. Zhang, J. R. Ingelfinger, and J. S.D. Chan Heterogenous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Modulates Angiotensinogen Gene Expression in Rat Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2005; 16(3): 616 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Yang, S.-C. Huang, J. Y. Wu, and E. J. Benz Jr An erythroid differentiation-specific splicing switch in protein 4.1R mediated by the interaction of SF2/ASF with an exonic splicing enhancer Blood, March 1, 2005; 105(5): 2146 - 2153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Yochem, L. R. Bell, and R. K. Herman The Identities of sym-2, sym-3 and sym-4, Three Genes That Are Synthetically Lethal With mec-8 in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics, November 1, 2004; 168(3): 1293 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Expert-Bezancon, A. Sureau, P. Durosay, R. Salesse, H. Groeneveld, J. P. Lecaer, and J. Marie hnRNP A1 and the SR Proteins ASF/SF2 and SC35 Have Antagonistic Functions in Splicing of {beta}-Tropomyosin Exon 6B J. Biol. Chem., September 10, 2004; 279(37): 38249 - 38259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Buratti, M. Baralle, L. De Conti, D. Baralle, M. Romano, Y. M. Ayala, and F. E. Baralle hnRNP H binding at the 5' splice site correlates with the pathological effect of two intronic mutations in the NF-1 and TSH{beta} genes Nucleic Acids Res., August 6, 2004; 32(14): 4224 - 4236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. D. Robson-Dixon and M. A. Garcia-Blanco MAZ Elements Alter Transcription Elongation and Silencing of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Exon IIIb J. Biol. Chem., July 9, 2004; 279(28): 29075 - 29084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sironi, G. Menozzi, L. Riva, R. Cagliani, G. P. Comi, N. Bresolin, R. Giorda, and U. Pozzoli Silencer elements as possible inhibitors of pseudoexon splicing Nucleic Acids Res., March 19, 2004; 32(5): 1783 - 1791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Zahler, C. K. Damgaard, J. Kjems, and M. Caputi SC35 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A/B Proteins Bind to a Juxtaposed Exonic Splicing Enhancer/Exonic Splicing Silencer Element to Regulate HIV-1 tat Exon 2 Splicing J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 2004; 279(11): 10077 - 10084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Pagani, E. Buratti, C. Stuani, and F. E. Baralle Missense, Nonsense, and Neutral Mutations Define Juxtaposed Regulatory Elements of Splicing in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Exon 9 J. Biol. Chem., July 11, 2003; 278(29): 26580 - 26588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Rooke, V. Markovtsov, E. Cagavi, and D. L. Black Roles for SR Proteins and hnRNP A1 in the Regulation of c-src Exon N1 Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2003; 23(6): 1874 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Zarudnaya, I. M. Kolomiets, A. L. Potyahaylo, and D. M. Hovorun Downstream elements of mammalian pre-mRNA polyadenylation signals: primary, secondary and higher-order structures Nucleic Acids Res., March 1, 2003; 31(5): 1375 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Muh, R. H. Hovhannisyan, and R. P. Carstens A Non-sequence-specific Double-stranded RNA Structural Element Regulates Splicing of Two Mutually Exclusive Exons of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) J. Biol. Chem., December 13, 2002; 277(51): 50143 - 50154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Romano, R. Marcucci, E. Buratti, Y. M. Ayala, G. Sebastio, and F. E. Baralle Regulation of 3' Splice Site Selection in the 844ins68 Polymorphism of the Cystathionine beta -Synthase Gene J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 43821 - 43829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Xu, B. Modrek, and C. Lee Genome-wide detection of tissue-specific alternative splicing in the human transcriptome Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2002; 30(17): 3754 - 3766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Expert-Bezancon, J. P. Le Caer, and J. Marie Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K Is a Component of an Intronic Splicing Enhancer Complex That Activates the Splicing of the Alternative Exon 6A from Chicken beta -Tropomyosin Pre-mRNA J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(19): 16614 - 16623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hayakawa, E. Sakashita, E. Ueno, S.-i. Tominaga, T. Hamamoto, Y. Kagawa, and H. Endo Muscle-specific Exonic Splicing Silencer for Exon Exclusion in Human ATP Synthase gamma -Subunit Pre-mRNA J. Biol. Chem., February 22, 2002; 277(9): 6974 - 6984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Fogel, L. M. McNally, and M. T. McNally Efficient polyadenylation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA requires the negative regulator of splicing element Nucleic Acids Res., February 1, 2002; 30(3): 810 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Smith, E. L. Spurrell, J. Coakley, C. J. Hinds, R. J. M. Ross, A. R. Krainer, and S. L. Chew An Exonic Splicing Enhancer in Human IGF-I Pre-mRNA Mediates Recognition of Alternative Exon 5 by the Serine-Arginine Protein Splicing Factor-2/ Alternative Splicing Factor Endocrinology, January 1, 2002; 143(1): 146 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Caputi and A. M. Zahler Determination of the RNA Binding Specificity of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H/H'/F/2H9 Family J. Biol. Chem., November 16, 2001; 276(47): 43850 - 43859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Lou and R. F. Gagel Alternative Ribonucleic Acid Processing in Endocrine Systems Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2001; 22(2): 205 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Standiford, W. T. Sun, M. B. Davis, and C. P. Emerson , Jr. Positive and Negative Intronic Regulatory Elements Control Muscle-Specific Alternative Exon Splicing of Drosophila Myosin Heavy Chain Transcripts Genetics, January 1, 2001; 157(1): 259 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z.-M. Zheng, E. S. Reid, and C. C. Baker Utilization of the Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Late-Stage-Specific Nucleotide 3605 3' Splice Site Is Modulated by a Novel Exonic Bipartite Regulator but Not by an Intronic Purine-Rich Element J. Virol., November 15, 2000; 74(22): 10612 - 10622. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Markovtsov, J. M. Nikolic, J. A. Goldman, C. W. Turck, M.-Y. Chou, and D. L. Black Cooperative Assembly of an hnRNP Complex Induced by a Tissue-Specific Homolog of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2000; 20(20): 7463 - 7479. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Carstens, E. J. Wagner, and M. A. Garcia-Blanco An Intronic Splicing Silencer Causes Skipping of the IIIb Exon of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 through Involvement of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2000; 20(19): 7388 - 7400. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Fairbrother and L. A. Chasin Human Genomic Sequences That Inhibit Splicing Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2000; 20(18): 6816 - 6825. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Mount and H. K. Salz Pre-messenger RNA Processing Factors in the Drosophila Genome J. Cell Biol., July 24, 2000; 150(2): F37 - F44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-M. Zheng, J. Quintero, E. S. Reid, C. Gocke, and C. C. Baker Optimization of a Weak 3' Splice Site Counteracts the Function of a Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Exonic Splicing Suppressor In Vitro and In Vivo J. Virol., July 1, 2000; 74(13): 5902 - 5910. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Laverdiere, J. Beaudoin, and A. Lavigueur Species-specific regulation of alternative splicing in the C-terminal region of the p53 tumor suppressor gene Nucleic Acids Res., March 15, 2000; 28(6): 1489 - 1497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Chew, L. Baginsky, and I. C. Eperon An exonic splicing silencer in the testes-specific DNA ligase III {beta} exon Nucleic Acids Res., January 15, 2000; 28(2): 402 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Fogel and M. T. McNally A Cellular Protein, hnRNP H, Binds to the Negative Regulator of Splicing Element from Rous Sarcoma Virus J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2000; 275(41): 32371 - 32378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Genetta, H. Morisaki, T. Morisaki, and E. W. Holmes A Novel Bipartite Intronic Splicing Enhancer Promotes the Inclusion of a Mini-exon in the AMP Deaminase 1 Gene J. Biol. Chem., June 29, 2001; 276(27): 25589 - 25597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Jacquenet, A. Mereau, P. S. Bilodeau, L. Damier, C. M. Stoltzfus, and C. Branlant A Second Exon Splicing Silencer within Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 tat Exon 2 Represses Splicing of Tat mRNA and Binds Protein hnRNP H J. Biol. Chem., October 26, 2001; 276(44): 40464 - 40475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
