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Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 34-44, January 1, 2000
1 Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 2 Department of
Radiology, and 3 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of
Pediatrics and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287 USA; 4 Department of
Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine,
Palo Alto, California, 94305 USA
The switch to an angiogenic phenotype is a fundamental determinant
of neoplastic growth and tumor progression. We demonstrate that
homozygous deletion of the p53 tumor suppressor gene via homologous recombination in a human cancer cell line promotes the
neovascularization and growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. We find
that p53 promotes Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal
degradation of the HIF-1
subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates cellular
energy metabolism and angiogenesis in response to oxygen deprivation.
Loss of p53 in tumor cells enhances HIF-1
levels and
augments HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activation of the vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in response to hypoxia.
Forced expression of HIF-1
in p53-expressing tumor cells increases
hypoxia-induced VEGF expression and augments neovascularization and growth of tumor xenografts. These results indicate that
amplification of normal HIF-1-dependent responses to hypoxia via loss
of p53 function contributes to the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis.
[Key Words: p53; hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1); angiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); hypoxia; cancer]
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