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Vol. 14, No. 18, pp. 2377-2391, September 15, 2000
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and US Department of
Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Plant Gene Expression
Center, Albany, California 94710, USA
Phytochromes are informational photoreceptors through which plants
adapt their growth and development to prevailing light conditions.
These adaptations are effected primarily through phytochrome regulation
of gene expression by mechanisms that remain unclear. We describe a new
mutant, hfr1 (long hypocotyl in
far-red), that exhibits a reduction in seedling
responsiveness specifically to continuous far-red light (FRc), thereby
suggesting a locus likely to be involved in phytochrome A (phyA) signal
transduction. Using an insertionally tagged allele, we cloned the HFR1
gene and subsequently confirmed its identity with additional alleles
derived from a directed genetic screen. HFR1 encodes a nuclear protein
with strong similarity to the bHLH family of DNA-binding proteins but
with an atypical basic region. In contrast to PIF3, a related bHLH protein previously shown to bind phyB, HFR1 did not bind either phyA or
B. However, HFR1 did bind PIF3, suggesting heterodimerization, and both
the HFR1/PIF3 complex and PIF3 homodimer bound preferentially to the
Pfr form of both phytochromes. Thus, HFR1 may function to modulate phyA
signaling via heterodimerization with PIF3. HFR1 mRNA is 30-fold more
abundant in FRc than in continuous red light, suggesting a potential
mechanistic basis for the specificity of HFR1 to phyA signaling.
[Key Words: gravitropism; photomorphogenesis; transcription factor; high irradiance response; T-DNA tagging; light-regulated gene]
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