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Vol. 14, No. 20, pp. 2596-2609, October 15, 2000
1 Program in Cell and Molecular Biology,
2 Department of Biochemistry, and 3 Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins bind to
and regulate the translation of specific mRNAs. CPEBs from
Xenopus, Drosophila, and Spisula participate in
oogenesis. In this report, we examine the biological roles of all
identifiable CPEB homologs in a single organism, Caenorhabditis
elegans. We find four homologs in the C. elegans genome:
cbp-1, cpb-2, cpb-3, and fog-1.
Surprisingly, two homologs, CPB-1 and FOG-1, have key functions in
spermatogenesis and are dispensable for oogenesis. CPB-2 and CPB-3 also
appear not to be required for oogenesis. CPB-1 is essential for
progression through meiosis: cpb-1(RNAi) spermatocytes fail to
undergo the meiotic cell divisions. CPB-1 protein is present in the
germ line just prior to overt spermatogenesis; once sperm
differentiation begins, CPB-1 disappears. CPB-1 physically interacts
with FBF, another RNA-binding protein and 3' UTR regulator. In
addition to its role in controlling the sperm/oocyte switch, we find
that FBF also appears to be required for spermatogenesis, consistent
with its interaction with CPEB. A second CPEB homolog, FOG-1, is
required for specification of the sperm fate. The fog-1 gene
produces fog-1(L) and fog-1(S) transcripts. The
fog-1(L) RNA is enriched in animals making sperm and is
predicted to encode a larger protein; fog-1(S) RNA is enriched
in animals making oocytes and is predicted to encode a smaller protein.
The relative abundance of the two mRNAs is controlled temporally during
germ-line development and by the sex determination pathway in a fashion
that suggests that the fog-1(L) species encodes the active
form. In sum, our results demonstrate that, in C. elegans, two
CPEB proteins have distinct functions in the germ line, both in
spermatogenesis: FOG-1 specifies the sperm cell fate and CPB-1 executes
that decision.
[Key Words: CPEB proteins; C. elegans; spermatogenesis; FOG-1; CPB-1; translational control]
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