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Vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 1334-1348, June 1, 2001
1 Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
2 Department of Biology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
The conserved heterochromatic location of centromeres in higher
eukaryotes suggests that intrinsic properties of heterochromatin are
important for chromosome inheritance. Based on this hypothesis, mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that alter
heterochromatin-induced gene silencing were tested for effects on
chromosome inheritance. Here we describe the characterization of the
Su(var)2-10 locus, initially identified as a
Suppressor of Position-Effect Variegation. Su(var)2-10 is required for viability, and mutations cause both minichromosome and endogenous chromosome inheritance defects. Mitotic
chromosomes are improperly condensed in mutants, and polytene chromosomes are structurally abnormal and disorganized in the nucleus.
Su(var)2-10 encodes a member of the PIAS protein family, a
group of highly conserved proteins that control diverse functions. SU(VAR)2-10 proteins colocalize with nuclear lamin in interphase, and
little to no SU(VAR)2-10 is found on condensed mitotic chromosomes. SU(VAR)2-10 is present at some polytene chromosome telomeres, and FISH
analyses in mutant polytene nuclei revealed defects in telomere
clustering and telomere-nuclear-lamina associations. We propose that
Su(var2-10 controls multiple aspects of chromosome structure
and function by establishing/maintaining chromosome organization in
interphase nuclei.
[Key Words: Chromosome; condensation; inheritance; nuclear organization; position-effect variegation]
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