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Vol. 15, No. 14, pp. 1753-1758, July 15, 2001
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Plants maintain cytosine methylation at CG and non-CG residues to
control gene expression and genome stability. In a screen for
Arabidopsis mutants that alter methylation and silencing of a
densely methylated endogenous reporter gene, we recovered 11 loss-of-function alleles in the CMT3 chromomethylase gene. The cmt3 mutants displayed enhanced expression and reduced
methylation of the reporter, particularly at non-CG cytosines. CNG
methylation was also reduced at repetitive centromeric sequences. Thus,
CMT3 is a key determinant for non-CG methylation. The lack of
CMT homologs in animal genomes could account for the observation that
in contrast to plants, animals maintain primarily CG methylation.
[Key Words: Cytosine methyltransferase; gene silencing; Arabidopsis thaliana]
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