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Vol. 15, No. 14, pp. 1808-1816, July 15, 2001
1 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller
University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA; 2 Cellular
Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, USA; 3 Laboratory of Plant
Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, National University
of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117604, Singapore
Plant water homeostasis is maintained by the phytohormone abscisic
acid (ABA), which triggers stomatal pore closure in response to drought
stress. We identified the Arabidopsis small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) protein AtRac1 as a central component in the
ABA-mediated stomatal closure process. ABA treatment induced inactivation of AtRac GTPases and disruption of the guard cell actin
cytoskeleton. In contrast, in the ABA-insensitive mutant abi1-1, which is impaired in stomatal closure, neither
AtRac inactivation nor actin cytoskeleton disruption was observed on
ABA treatment. These observations indicate that AtRac1 inactivation is
a limiting step in the ABA-signaling cascade leading to stomatal
closure. Consistent with these findings, expression of a
dominant-positive mutant of AtRac1 blocked the ABA-mediated effects on
actin cytoskeleton and stomatal closure in wild-type plants, whereas
expression of a dominant-negative AtRac1 mutant recapitulated the ABA
effects in the absence of the hormone. Moreover, the dominant-negative form of AtRac1 could also restore stomatal closure in
abi1-1. These results define AtRac1 as a central element
for plant adaptation to drought.
[Key Words: Abscisic acid; guard cell; actin; Rac; PP2C; turgor pressure]
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