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Vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 1356-1370, June 1, 2002
Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, University of
Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
tob is a member of an emerging family of genes with
antiproliferative function. Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser 152, Ser 154, and Ser 164 by Erk1 and Erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation. Oncogenic Ras-induced transformation and growth-factor-induced cell
proliferation are efficiently suppressed by mutant Tob that carries
alanines but not glutamates, mimicking phosphoserines, at these sites.
Wild-type Tob inhibits cell growth when the three serine residues are
not phosphorylated but is less inhibitory when the serines are
phosphorylated. Because growth of Rb-deficient cells was not affected
by Tob, Tob appears to function upstream of Rb. Intriguingly, cyclin D1
expression is elevated in serum-starved tob
/
cells. Reintroduction of wild-type Tob and mutant Tob with
serine-to-alanine but not to glutamate mutations on the Erk
phosphorylation sites in these cells restores the suppression of cyclin
D1 expression. Finally, the S-phase population was significantly
increased in serum-starved tob
/
cells as compared
with that in wild-type cells. Thus, Tob inhibits cell growth by
suppressing cyclin D1 expression, which is canceled by Erk1- and
Erk2-mediated Tob phosphorylation. We propose that Tob is critically
involved in the control of early G1 progression.
[Key Words: Cell cycle entry; Tob phosphorylation; Ras/MAPK pathway]
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