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Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 235-244, January 15, 2002
1 McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of
Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;
2 Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Ellis
Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA
Previously, identification of promoters regulated by mammalian
transcription factors has relied upon overexpression studies. Here we
present the identification of a large set of promoters that are bound
by E2F in physiological conditions. Probing a human CpG microarray with
chromatin immunoprecipitated using an antibody to E2F4, we have
identified 68 unique target loci; 15% are bidirectional promoters and
25% recruit E2F via a mechanism distinct from the defined consensus
site. Interestingly, although E2F has been shown previously to regulate
genes involved in cell cycle progression, many of the new E2F target
genes encode proteins involved in DNA repair or recombination. We
suggest that human CpG microarrays, in combination with chromatin
immunoprecipitation, will allow rapid identification of target
promoters for many mammalian transcription factors.
[Key Words: E2F; chromatin immunoprecipitation; CpG island microarray; transcription]
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