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Vol. 16, No. 24, pp. 3253-3264, December 15, 2002
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0349, USA
A hallmark of bacterial endospore formation is engulfment, during
which the membrane of one cell (the mother cell) migrates around the
future spore, enclosing it in the mother cell cytoplasm. Bacteria lack
proteins required for eukaryotic phagocytosis, and previously proteins
required for membrane migration remained unidentified. Here we provide
cell biological and genetic evidence that three membrane proteins
synthesized in the mother cell are required for membrane migration as
well as for earlier steps in engulfment. Biochemical studies
demonstrate that one of these proteins, SpoIID, is a cell wall
hydrolase, suggesting that membrane migration in bacteria can be driven
by membrane-anchored cell wall hydrolases. We propose that the
bacterial cell wall plays a role analogous to that of the actin and
tubulin network of eukaryotic cells, providing a scaffold along which
proteins can move.
[Key Words: Bacillus subtilis; sporulation; membrane movement; peptidoglycan hydrolysis; protein localization; Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.]
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