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REVIEW

The hematopoietic stem cell and its niche: a comparative view

¹ Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; ² Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; ³ Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; ⁴ Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; ⁵ Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; ⁶ Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA

Stem cells have been identified as a source of virtually all highly differentiated cells that are replenished during the lifetime of an animal. The critical balance between stem and differentiated cell populations is crucial for the long-term maintenance of functional tissue types. Stem cells maintain this balance by choosing one of several alternate fates: self-renewal, commitment to differentiate, and senescence or cell death. These characteristics comprise the core criteria by which these cells are usually defined. The self-renewal property is important, as it allows for extended production of the corresponding differentiated cells throughout the life span of the animal. A microenvironment that is supportive of stem cells is commonly referred to as a stem cell niche. In this review, we first present some general concepts regarding stem cells and their niches, comparing stem cells of many different kinds from diverse organisms, and in the second part, we compare specific aspects of hematopoiesis and the niches that support hematopoiesis in Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse.

[Keywords: Stem cell; niche; hematopoiesis; zebrafish; Drosophila; blood]]

E-MAIL banerjee{at}mbi.ucla.edu; FAX (310) 206-9062.

Article is online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.1602607

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