.gif?ad=16839&adview=true)
![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 14, No. 14, pp. 1693-1711, July 15, 2000
1 Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6017 USA; 2 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA; 3 Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 USA
| The first 100 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
 |
Article |
|---|
Cells of the immune system provide particularly
fruitful subjects for the study of lineage commitment. Both T and B
lymphocytes undergo complicated patterns of differentiation from
uncommitted, nonfunctional precursor cells to highly sophisticated
effector cells. The development of the helper T lymphocyte is one of
the most elegant examples of this. A little over a decade ago, Mosmann and Coffman (1989)
discovered that naive mouse CD4+ T helper
lymphocytes, upon receiving an antigenic stimulus, differentiate into
two distinct subsets defined both by their function and by unique
cytokine profiles. These subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2)
(Mosmann et
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Furuta, S.-i. Kagami, T. Tamachi, K. Ikeda, M. Fujiwara, A. Suto, K. Hirose, N. Watanabe, Y. Saito, I. Iwamoto, et al. Overlapping and Distinct Roles of STAT4 and T-bet in the Regulation of T Cell Differentiation and Allergic Airway Inflammation J. Immunol., May 15, 2008; 180(10): 6656 - 6662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. P. Pappu, A. Borodovsky, T. S. Zheng, X. Yang, P. Wu, X. Dong, S. Weng, B. Browning, M. L. Scott, L. Ma, et al. TL1A-DR3 interaction regulates Th17 cell function and Th17-mediated autoimmune disease J. Exp. Med., May 12, 2008; 205(5): 1049 - 1062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanaka, K. Ichiyama, M. Hashimoto, H. Yoshida, T. Takimoto, G. Takaesu, T. Torisu, T. Hanada, H. Yasukawa, S. Fukuyama, et al. Loss of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 in Helper T Cells Leads to Defective Th17 Differentiation by Enhancing Antagonistic Effects of IFN-{gamma} on STAT3 and Smads J. Immunol., March 15, 2008; 180(6): 3746 - 3756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sehra, H. A. Bruns, A.-N. N. Ahyi, E. T. Nguyen, N. W. Schmidt, E. G. Michels, G.-U. von Bulow, and M. H. Kaplan IL-4 Is a Critical Determinant in the Generation of Allergic Inflammation Initiated by a Constitutively Active Stat6 J. Immunol., March 1, 2008; 180(5): 3551 - 3559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. K. S. Phoon, A. R. Kitching, D. Odobasic, L. K. Jones, T. J. Semple, and S. R. Holdsworth T-bet Deficiency Attenuates Renal Injury in Experimental Crescentic Glomerulonephritis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2008; 19(3): 477 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H.-M. Tan, S. Y.-P. Goh, S.-C. Wong, and K.-P. Lam T Helper Cell-specific Regulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression via Distinct Mechanisms Mediated by T-bet and GATA-3 J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2008; 283(1): 128 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Wei, O. Duramad, O. A. Perng, S. L. Reiner, Y.-J. Liu, and F. X.-F. Qin Antagonistic nature of T helper 1/2 developmental programs in opposing peripheral induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells PNAS, November 13, 2007; 104(46): 18169 - 18174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. O. Yang, A. D. Panopoulos, R. Nurieva, S. H. Chang, D. Wang, S. S. Watowich, and C. Dong STAT3 Regulates Cytokine-mediated Generation of Inflammatory Helper T Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 30, 2007; 282(13): 9358 - 9363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Lund, M. Loytomaki, T. Naumanen, C. Dixon, Z. Chen, H. Ahlfors, S. Tuomela, J. Tahvanainen, J. Scheinin, T. Henttinen, et al. Genome-Wide Identification of Novel Genes Involved in Early Th1 and Th2 Cell Differentiation J. Immunol., March 15, 2007; 178(6): 3648 - 3660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Chen, W. He, S. T. Kim, J. Tao, Y. Gao, H. Chi, A. M. Intlekofer, B. Harvey, S. L. Reiner, Z. Yin, et al. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Programs Lead to Default IFN-{gamma} Production by {gamma}{delta} T Cells J. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 178(5): 2730 - 2736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Omori and S. Ziegler Induction of IL-4 Expression in CD4+ T Cells by Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin J. Immunol., February 1, 2007; 178(3): 1396 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. D'Acquisto, A. Merghani, E. Lecona, G. Rosignoli, K. Raza, C. D. Buckley, R. J. Flower, and M. Perretti Annexin-1 modulates T-cell activation and differentiation Blood, February 1, 2007; 109(3): 1095 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Lee Linking immune defenses and life history at the levels of the individual and the species Integr. Comp. Biol., December 1, 2006; 46(6): 1000 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Daniel, H. H. Radeke, N. A. Sartory, N. Zahn, U. Zuegel, A. Steinmeyer, and J. Stein The New Low Calcemic Vitamin D Analog 22-Ene-25-Oxa-Vitamin D Prominently Ameliorates T Helper Cell Type 1-Mediated Colitis in Mice J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2006; 319(2): 622 - 631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Zhang and M. Boothby T helper type 1-specific Brg1 recruitment and remodeling of nucleosomes positioned at the IFN-{gamma} promoter are Stat4 dependent J. Exp. Med., June 12, 2006; 203(6): 1493 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Arora, L. Chen, M. Paglia, I. Gallagher, J. E. Allen, Y. M. Vyas, A. Ray, and P. Ray Simvastatin promotes Th2-type responses through the induction of the chitinase family member Ym1 in dendritic cells PNAS, May 16, 2006; 103(20): 7777 - 7782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kinjyo, H. Inoue, S. Hamano, S. Fukuyama, T. Yoshimura, K. Koga, H. Takaki, K. Himeno, G. Takaesu, T. Kobayashi, et al. Loss of SOCS3 in T helper cells resulted in reduced immune responses and hyperproduction of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-{beta}1 J. Exp. Med., April 17, 2006; 203(4): 1021 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Islam, S. Y. Thomas, C. Hess, B. D. Medoff, T. K. Means, C. Brander, C. M. Lilly, A. M. Tager, and A. D. Luster The leukotriene B4 lipid chemoattractant receptor BLT1 defines antigen-primed T cells in humans Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 444 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Raby, E.-S. Hwang, K. V. Steen, K. Tantisira, S. Peng, A. Litonjua, R. Lazarus, C. Giallourakis, J. D. Rioux, D. Sparrow, et al. T-Bet Polymorphisms Are Associated with Asthma and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2006; 173(1): 64 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Harris, S. Goodrich, K. Mohrs, M. Mohrs, and F. E. Lund Cutting Edge: The Development of IL-4-Producing B Cells (B Effector 2 Cells) Is Controlled by IL-4, IL-4 Receptor {alpha}, and Th2 Cells J. Immunol., December 1, 2005; 175(11): 7103 - 7107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chang and T. M. Aune Histone hyperacetylated domains across the Ifng gene region in natural killer cells and T cells PNAS, November 22, 2005; 102(47): 17095 - 17100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. de Souza, T. B. Oriss, K. J. O'Malley, A. Ray, and L. P. Kane T cell Ig and mucin 1 (TIM-1) is expressed on in vivo-activated T cells and provides a costimulatory signal for T cell activation PNAS, November 22, 2005; 102(47): 17113 - 17118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Suto, H. Nakajima, N. Tokumasa, H. Takatori, S.-i. Kagami, K. Suzuki, and I. Iwamoto Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Produce IFN-{gamma} upon IL-4 Stimulation J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5681 - 5689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Monticelli, D. U. Lee, J. Nardone, D. L. Bolton, and A. Rao Chromatin-based regulation of cytokine transcription in Th2 cells and mast cells Int. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 17(11): 1513 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Greeneltch, A. E. Kelly-Welch, Y. Shi, and A. D. Keegan Chronic Morphine Treatment Promotes Specific Th2 Cytokine Production by Murine T Cells In Vitro via a Fas/Fas Ligand-Dependent Mechanism J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 4999 - 5005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Delpy, V. Douin-Echinard, L. Garidou, C. Bruand, A. Saoudi, and J.-C. Guery Estrogen Enhances Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Promoting Type 1-Polarized Immune Responses J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5050 - 5057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Tanaka, T. So, S. Lebedeva, M. Croft, and A. Altman Impaired IL-4 and c-Maf expression and enhanced Th1-cell development in Vav1-deficient mice Blood, August 15, 2005; 106(4): 1286 - 1295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takatori, H. Nakajima, S.-i. Kagami, K. Hirose, A. Suto, K. Suzuki, M. Kubo, A. Yoshimura, Y. Saito, and I. Iwamoto Stat5a Inhibits IL-12-Induced Th1 Cell Differentiation through the Induction of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4105 - 4112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zanin-Zhorov, R. Bruck, G. Tal, S. Oren, H. Aeed, R. Hershkoviz, I. R. Cohen, and O. Lider Heat Shock Protein 60 Inhibits Th1-Mediated Hepatitis Model via Innate Regulation of Th1/Th2 Transcription Factors and Cytokines J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3227 - 3236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takatori, H. Nakajima, K. Hirose, S.-i. Kagami, T. Tamachi, A. Suto, K. Suzuki, Y. Saito, and I. Iwamoto Indispensable Role of Stat5a in Stat6-Independent Th2 Cell Differentiation and Allergic Airway Inflammation J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3734 - 3740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yang, J. Ochando, A. Yopp, J. S. Bromberg, and Y. Ding IL-6 Plays a Unique Role in Initiating c-Maf Expression during Early Stage of CD4 T Cell Activation J. Immunol., March 1, 2005; 174(5): 2720 - 2729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Grenningloh, B. Y. Kang, and I-C. Ho Ets-1, a functional cofactor of T-bet, is essential for Th1 inflammatory responses J. Exp. Med., February 22, 2005; 201(4): 615 - 626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-K. Peng, J.-S. Lin, J. T. Kung, F. D. Finkelman, and B. A. Wu-Hsieh The combined effect of IL-4 and IL-10 suppresses the generation of, but does not change the polarity of, type-1 T cells in Histoplasma infection Int. Immunol., February 1, 2005; 17(2): 193 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Y. Kang, S.-C. Miaw, and I-C. Ho ROG Negatively Regulates T-Cell Activation but Is Dispensable for Th-Cell Differentiation Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2005; 25(2): 554 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Atayar, S. Poppema, T. Blokzijl, G. Harms, M. Boot, and A. van den Berg Expression of the T-Cell Transcription Factors, GATA-3 and T-bet, in the Neoplastic Cells of Hodgkin Lymphomas Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2005; 166(1): 127 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Tseveleki, J. Bauer, E. Taoufik, C. Ruan, L. Leondiadis, S. Haralambous, H. Lassmann, and L. Probert Cellular FLIP (Long Isoform) Overexpression in T Cells Drives Th2 Effector Responses and Promotes Immunoregulation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis J. Immunol., December 1, 2004; 173(11): 6619 - 6626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Morinobu, Y. Kanno, and J. J. O'Shea Discrete Roles for Histone Acetylation in Human T Helper 1 Cell-specific Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 40640 - 40646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Bream, D. L. Hodge, R. Gonsky, R. Spolski, W. J. Leonard, S. Krebs, S. Targan, A. Morinobu, J. J. O'Shea, and H. A. Young A Distal Region in the Interferon-{gamma} Gene Is a Site of Epigenetic Remodeling and Transcriptional Regulation by Interleukin-2 J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 41249 - 41257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K Matsuoka, N Inoue, T Sato, S Okamoto, T Hisamatsu, Y Kishi, A Sakuraba, O Hitotsumatsu, H Ogata, K Koganei, et al. T-bet upregulation and subsequent interleukin 12 stimulation are essential for induction of Th1 mediated immunopathology in Crohn's disease Gut, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 1303 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Dzhagalov, V. Giguere, and Y.-W. He Lymphocyte Development and Function in the Absence of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor {alpha} J. Immunol., September 1, 2004; 173(5): 2952 - 2959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Weigmann, A. Nemetz, C. Becker, J. Schmidt, D. Strand, H. A. Lehr, P. R. Galle, I.-C. Ho, and M. F. Neurath A Critical Regulatory Role of Leucin Zipper Transcription Factor c-Maf in Th1-Mediated Experimental Colitis J. Immunol., September 1, 2004; 173(5): 3446 - 3455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-R. Yu, R. M. Mahdi, S. Ebong, B. P. Vistica, J. Chen, Y. Guo, I. Gery, and C. E. Egwuagu Cell Proliferation and STAT6 Pathways Are Negatively Regulated in T Cells by STAT1 and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling J. Immunol., July 15, 2004; 173(2): 737 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Voice, S. Donnelly, G. Dorsam, G. Dolganov, S. Paul, and E. J. Goetzl c-Maf and JunB Mediation of Th2 Differentiation Induced by the Type 2 G Protein-Coupled Receptor (VPAC2) for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7289 - 7296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Seki, M. Miyazaki, W. Suzuki, K. Hayashi, K. Arima, E. Myburgh, K. Izuhara, F. Brombacher, and M. Kubo IL-4-Induced GATA-3 Expression Is a Time-Restricted Instruction Switch for Th2 Cell Differentiation J. Immunol., May 15, 2004; 172(10): 6158 - 6166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Mor, F. J. Quintana, and I. R. Cohen Angiogenesis-Inflammation Cross-Talk: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Secreted by Activated T Cells and Induces Th1 Polarization J. Immunol., April 1, 2004; 172(7): 4618 - 4623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zhou, S. Chang, and T. M. Aune From the Cover: Long-range histone acetylation of the Ifng gene is an essential feature of T cell differentiation PNAS, February 24, 2004; 101(8): 2440 - 2445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. F. Rogan, D. J. Cousins, S. Santangelo, P. A. Ioannou, M. Antoniou, T. H. Lee, and D. Z. Staynov Analysis of intergenic transcription in the human IL-4/IL-13 gene cluster PNAS, February 24, 2004; 101(8): 2446 - 2451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-Y. Pai, M. L. Truitt, and I-C. Ho GATA-3 deficiency abrogates the development and maintenance of T helper type 2 cells PNAS, February 17, 2004; 101(7): 1993 - 1998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. U. Lee, O. Avni, L. Chen, and A. Rao A Distal Enhancer in the Interferon-{gamma} (IFN-{gamma}) Locus Revealed by Genome Sequence Comparison J. Biol. Chem., February 6, 2004; 279(6): 4802 - 4810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Eivazova and T. M. Aune Dynamic alterations in the conformation of the Ifng gene region during T helper cell differentiation PNAS, January 6, 2004; 101(1): 251 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. I. Nurieva, X. M. Mai, K. Forbush, M. J. Bevan, and C. Dong B7h is required for T cell activation, differentiation, and effector function PNAS, November 25, 2003; 100(24): 14163 - 14168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Cho, V. Grigura, T. L. Murphy, and K. Murphy Identification of cooperative monomeric Brachyury sites conferring T-bet responsiveness to the proximal IFN-{gamma} promoter Int. Immunol., October 1, 2003; 15(10): 1149 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Hogan, L. Chen, J. Nardone, and A. Rao Transcriptional regulation by calcium, calcineurin, and NFAT Genes & Dev., September 15, 2003; 17(18): 2205 - 2232. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yano, P. Ghosh, H. Kusaba, M. Buchholz, and D. L. Longo Effect of Promoter Methylation on the Regulation of IFN-{gamma} Gene During In Vitro Differentiation of Human Peripheral Blood T Cells into a Th2 Population J. Immunol., September 1, 2003; 171(5): 2510 - 2516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-C. Chang, S. Zhang, I. Oldham, L. Naeger, T. Hoey, and M. H. Kaplan STAT4 Requires the N-terminal Domain for Efficient Phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., August 22, 2003; 278(34): 32471 - 32477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-R. Yu, R. M. Mahdi, S. Ebong, B. P. Vistica, I. Gery, and C. E. Egwuagu Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Regulates Proliferation and Activation of T-helper Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 8, 2003; 278(32): 29752 - 29759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Huang and L. D. Hazlett Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection Using an Oligonucleotide Microarray Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2003; 44(8): 3409 - 3416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
