![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vol. 15, No. 22, pp. 2922-2933, November 15, 2001
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9050, USA
| The first 100 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
 |
Introduction |
|---|
The initial insight into the genetic basis of
apoptosis, or programmed cell death, was gained from ingenious studies
of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans (for review, see
Horvitz 1999
). These studies revealed a linear pathway whereby the
products of two genes, designated Ced-3 and Ced-4,
were necessary and sufficient to trigger the perfectly timed and
orchestrated death of 131 preordained cells during development. The
relevance of this pathway to higher animals was established by the
discovery of apparent mammalian orthologs of these genes and the
demonstration that the mammalian Ced-3-related genes encode
proteases (designated caspases) whose activities are responsible
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Dong, L. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, T. Yang, M. V. Kumar, and Z. Dong Induction of Apoptosis in Renal Tubular Cells by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, a Family of Anticancer Agents J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2008; 325(3): 978 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ying, C. Tu, H. Ying, Y. Hu, Q. He, and B. Yang MSFTZ, a Flavanone Derivative, Induces Human Hepatoma Cell Apoptosis via a Reactive Oxygen Species- and Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2008; 325(3): 758 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Yu, S.-S. Sheu, J. L. Robotham, and Y. Yoon Mitochondrial fission mediates high glucose-induced cell death through elevated production of reactive oxygen species Cardiovasc Res, May 12, 2008; (2008) cvn104v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Wang, W. Chen, W. Zeng, L. Bai, Y. Tesfaigzi, S. A. Belinsky, and Y. Lin Akt-mediated eminent expression of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 confers acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., May 1, 2008; 7(5): 1156 - 1163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yang, Q. Ren, and Z. Zhang Cleavage of Mcd1 by Caspase-like Protease Esp1 Promotes Apoptosis in Budding Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2008; 19(5): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Sekine, K. Takubo, R. Kikuchi, M. Nishimoto, M. Kitagawa, F. Abe, K. Nishikawa, T. Tsuruo, and M. Naito Small Molecules Destabilize cIAP1 by Activating Auto-ubiquitylation J. Biol. Chem., April 4, 2008; 283(14): 8961 - 8968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Zhang, X. Wei, X. Cui, H. Zhou, W. Ding, and W. Li Desflurane Affords Greater Protection Than Halothane in the Function of Mitochondria Against Forebrain Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2008; 106(4): 1242 - 1249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. F. Wan, S.-L. Chan, S. K. Sukumaran, M.-C. Lee, and V. C. Yu Chelerythrine Induces Apoptosis through a Bax/Bak-independent Mitochondrial Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 2008; 283(13): 8423 - 8433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Benatti, V. Basile, D. Merico, L. I. Fantoni, E. Tagliafico, and C. Imbriano A balance between NF-Y and p53 governs the pro- and anti-apoptotic transcriptional response Nucleic Acids Res., March 1, 2008; 36(5): 1415 - 1428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Reape, E. M. Molony, and P. F. McCabe Programmed cell death in plants: distinguishing between different modes J. Exp. Bot., February 5, 2008; (2008) erm258v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Knobloch, I. Schmitz, K. Gotz, K. Schulze-Osthoff, and U. Ruther Thalidomide Induces Limb Anomalies by PTEN Stabilization, Akt Suppression, and Stimulation of Caspase-Dependent Cell Death Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2008; 28(2): 529 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S. Dimmer, F. Navoni, A. Casarin, E. Trevisson, S. Endele, A. Winterpacht, L. Salviati, and L. Scorrano LETM1, deleted in Wolf Hirschhorn syndrome is required for normal mitochondrial morphology and cellular viability Hum. Mol. Genet., January 15, 2008; 17(2): 201 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bank, P. Wang, C. Du, J. Yu, and L. Zhang SMAC Mimetics Sensitize Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Caspase-3 Mediated Cytochrome c Release Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 68(1): 276 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Gannavaram, C. Vedvyas, and A. Debrabant Conservation of the pro-apoptotic nuclease activity of endonuclease G in unicellular trypanosomatid parasites J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2008; 121(1): 99 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. W.G. Tait, E. de Vries, C. Maas, A. M. Keller, C. S. D'Santos, and J. Borst Apoptosis induction by Bid requires unconventional ubiquitination and degradation of its N-terminal fragment J. Cell Biol., December 31, 2007; 179(7): 1453 - 1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Deng, T. Shimamura, S. Perera, N. E. Carlson, D. Cai, G. I. Shapiro, K.-K. Wong, and A. Letai Proapoptotic BH3-Only BCL-2 Family Protein BIM Connects Death Signaling from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition to the Mitochondrion Cancer Res., December 15, 2007; 67(24): 11867 - 11875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gillenwater, M. Zhong, and R. Lotan Histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis through both mitochondrial and Fas (Cd95) signaling in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2007; 6(11): 2967 - 2975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Banadyga, J. Gerig, T. Stewart, and M. Barry Fowlpox Virus Encodes a Bcl-2 Homologue That Protects Cells from Apoptotic Death through Interaction with the Proapoptotic Protein Bak J. Virol., October 15, 2007; 81(20): 11032 - 11045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Otton, D. O. da Silva, T. R. Campoio, L. R Silveira, M. O. de Souza, E. Hatanaka, and R. Curi Non-esterified fatty acids and human lymphocyte death: a mechanism that involves calcium release and oxidative stress J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2007; 195(1): 133 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Chen, X. Wang, J. Zhuang, L. Zhang, and Y. Lin Induction of death receptor 5 and suppression of survivin contribute to sensitization of TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by quercetin in non-small cell lung cancer cells Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2007; 28(10): 2114 - 2121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-Y. Pei, Y. Dai, S. Tenorio, J. Lu, H. Harada, P. Dent, and S. Grant MEK1/2 inhibitors potentiate UCN-01 lethality in human multiple myeloma cells through a Bim-dependent mechanism Blood, September 15, 2007; 110(6): 2092 - 2101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z.-X. Du, H.-Q. Wang, H.-Y. Zhang, and D.-X. Gao Involvement of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Mediated Death of Thyroid Cancer Cells Endocrinology, September 1, 2007; 148(9): 4352 - 4361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Marella, B. B. Seo, A. Matsuno-Yagi, and T. Yagi Mechanism of Cell Death Caused by Complex I Defects in a Rat Dopaminergic Cell Line J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2007; 282(33): 24146 - 24156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-M. Lai, K. A. Mohammed, N. Nasreen, A. Baumuratov, B. F. Bellew, and V. B. Antony Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by BCG infection in cultured human bronchial airway epithelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): L393 - L401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Brooks, Q. Wei, L. Feng, G. Dong, Y. Tao, L. Mei, Z.-J. Xie, and Z. Dong Bak regulates mitochondrial morphology and pathology during apoptosis by interacting with mitofusins PNAS, July 10, 2007; 104(28): 11649 - 11654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Jia, A. P. S. Hikim, Y.-H. Lue, R. S. Swerdloff, Y. Vera, X.-S. Zhang, Z.-Y. Hu, Y.-C. Li, Y.-X. Liu, and C. Wang Signaling Pathways for Germ Cell Death in Adult Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Induced by Mild Testicular Hyperthermia and Exogenous Testosterone Treatment Biol Reprod, July 1, 2007; 77(1): 83 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Y. Fu, S. K. Sukumaran, and V. C. Yu Inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MOAP-1 by apoptotic stimuli promotes Bax function in mitochondria PNAS, June 12, 2007; 104(24): 10051 - 10056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Martinez, F. Setien, C. Voelter, S. Casado, M. P. Quesada, G. Schackert, and M. Esteller CpG island promoter hypermethylation of the pro-apoptotic gene caspase-8 is a common hallmark of relapsed glioblastoma multiforme Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2007; 28(6): 1264 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mizuta, S. Shimizu, Y. Matsuoka, T. Nakagawa, and Y. Tsujimoto A Bax/Bak-independent Mechanism of Cytochrome c Release J. Biol. Chem., June 1, 2007; 282(22): 16623 - 16630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Small, Y. Y. Shi, L. S. Higgins, and R. Z. Orlowski Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Is a Mediator of Breast Cancer Chemoresistance Cancer Res., May 1, 2007; 67(9): 4459 - 4466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Martin-Latil, L. Mousson, A. Autret, F. Colbere-Garapin, and B. Blondel Bax Is Activated during Rotavirus-Induced Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway J. Virol., May 1, 2007; 81(9): 4457 - 4464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Wu, W. Qiu, P. Wang, H. Yu, T. Cheng, G. P Zambetti, L. Zhang, and J. Yu p53 independent induction of PUMA mediates intestinal apoptosis in response to ischaemia-reperfusion Gut, May 1, 2007; 56(5): 645 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Luciano, M. Krajewska, P. Ortiz-Rubio, S. Krajewski, D. Zhai, B. Faustin, J.-M. Bruey, B. Bailly-Maitre, A. Lichtenstein, S. K. Kolluri, et al. Nur77 converts phenotype of Bcl-B, an antiapoptotic protein expressed in plasma cells and myeloma Blood, May 1, 2007; 109(9): 3849 - 3855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Martin, J. Carvalho, E. Ibeas, M. Hernandez, V. Ruiz-Gutierrez, and M. L. Nieto Acidic Triterpenes Compromise Growth and Survival of Astrocytoma Cell Lines by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Cancer Res., April 15, 2007; 67(8): 3741 - 3751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yacobi, A. Tsafriri, and A. Gross Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Caspase Activation in Rat Preovulatory Follicles Is Coupled to Mitochondrial Steroidogenesis Endocrinology, April 1, 2007; 148(4): 1717 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Fabian, C. M. Csatary, J. Szeberenyi, and L. K. Csatary p53-Independent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Cytotoxicity of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain in Tumor Cell Lines J. Virol., March 15, 2007; 81(6): 2817 - 2830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Lemmers, L. Salmena, N. Bidere, H. Su, E. Matysiak-Zablocki, K. Murakami, P. S. Ohashi, A. Jurisicova, M. Lenardo, R. Hakem, et al. Essential Role for Caspase-8 in Toll-like Receptors and NF{kappa}B Signaling J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2007; 282(10): 7416 - 7423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Kubota, K. Kinoshita, K. Suetomi, A. Fujimori, and S. Takahashi Mcl-1 Depletion in Apoptosis Elicited by Ionizing Radiation in Peritoneal Resident Macrophages of C3H Mice J. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 178(5): 2923 - 2931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Das, J. C. Nwachukwu, D. Li, A. I. Vulin, S. Martinez-Caballero, K. W. Kinnally, and H. H. Samuels The Nuclear Receptor Interacting Factor-3 Transcriptional Coregulator Mediates Rapid Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells through Direct and Bystander-Mediated Events Cancer Res., February 15, 2007; 67(4): 1775 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Brunelle, E. H. Shroff, H. Perlman, A. Strasser, C. T. Moraes, R. A. Flavell, N. N. Danial, B. Keith, C. B. Thompson, and N. S. Chandel Loss of Mcl-1 Protein and Inhibition of Electron Transport Chain Together Induce Anoxic Cell Death Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2007; 27(4): 1222 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Yu, B. B. Friday, J.-P. Lai, A. McCollum, P. Atadja, L. R. Roberts, and A. A. Adjei Abrogation of MAPK and Akt Signaling by AEE788 Synergistically Potentiates Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2007; 13(4): 1140 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Rautajoki, E. M. Marttila, T. A. Nyman, and R. Lahesmaa Interleukin-4 Inhibits Caspase-3 by Regulating Several Proteins in the Fas Pathway during Initial Stages of Human T Helper 2 Cell Differentiation Mol. Cell. Proteomics, February 1, 2007; 6(2): 238 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Chauhan, P. Neri, M. Velankar, K. Podar, T. Hideshima, M. Fulciniti, P. Tassone, N. Raje, C. Mitsiades, N. Mitsiades, et al. Targeting mitochondrial factor Smac/DIABLO as therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) Blood, February 1, 2007; 109(3): 1220 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jiang, N. Pabla, R. F. Murphy, T. Yang, X.-M. Yin, K. Degenhardt, E. White, and Z. Dong Nutlin-3 Protects Kidney Cells during Cisplatin Therapy by Suppressing Bax/Bak Activation J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2007; 282(4): 2636 - 2645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Tao, V. J. South, R. E. Diehl, J. P. Davide, L. Sepp-Lorenzino, M. E. Fraley, K. L. Arrington, and R. B. Lobell An Inhibitor of the Kinesin Spindle Protein Activates the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway Independently of p53 and De Novo Protein Synthesis Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2007; 27(2): 689 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Basu, S. K. Pathak, A. Banerjee, S. Pathak, A. Bhattacharyya, Z. Yang, S. Talarico, M. Kundu, and J. Basu Execution of Macrophage Apoptosis by PE_PGRS33 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2-dependent Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} J. Biol. Chem., January 12, 2007; 282(2): 1039 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Broyles The age of reverse biochemistry Protein Sci., January 1, 2007; 16(1): 2 - 3. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Meyer, S. Perez, V. Geiser, M. Sintek, M. Inman, and C. Jones A Protein Encoded by the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency-Related Gene Interacts with Specific Cellular Regulatory Proteins, Including CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha J. Virol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 59 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Olszanecki, R. Rezzani, S. Omura, D. E. Stec, L. Rodella, F. T. Botros, A. I. Goodman, G. Drummond, and N. G. Abraham Genetic suppression of HO-1 exacerbates renal damage: reversed by an increase in the antiapoptotic signaling pathway Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): F148 - F157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Samraj, D. Sohn, K. Schulze-Osthoff, and I. Schmitz Loss of Caspase-9 Reveals Its Essential Role for Caspase-2 Activation and Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2007; 18(1): 84 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Taylor, D. Quilty, L. Banadyga, and M. Barry The Vaccinia Virus Protein F1L Interacts with Bim and Inhibits Activation of the Pro-apoptotic Protein Bax J. Biol. Chem., December 22, 2006; 281(51): 39728 - 39739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Ghosh, R. Steele, J. Ryerse, and R. B. Ray Tumor-Suppressive Effects of MBP-1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Cancer Res., December 15, 2006; 66(24): 11907 - 11912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Chauhan, U. Yallampalli, L. Reed, and C. Yallampalli Adrenomedullin 2 Antagonist Infusion to Rats During Midgestation Causes Fetoplacental Growth Restriction Through Apoptosis Biol Reprod, December 1, 2006; 75(6): 940 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Fribley, B. Evenchik, Q. Zeng, B. K. Park, J. Y. Guan, H. Zhang, T. J. Hale, M. S. Soengas, R. J. Kaufman, and C.-Y. Wang Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341 Induces Apoptosis in Cisplatin-resistant Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Induction of Noxa J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 2006; 281(42): 31440 - 31447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Samraj, E. Keil, N. Ueffing, K. Schulze-Osthoff, and I. Schmitz Loss of Caspase-9 Provides Genetic Evidence for the Type I/II Concept of CD95-mediated Apoptosis J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29652 - 29659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Parone, D. I. James, S. Da Cruz, Y. Mattenberger, O. Donze, F. Barja, and J.-C. Martinou Inhibiting the mitochondrial fission machinery does not prevent bax/bak-dependent apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2006; 26(20): 7397 - 7408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Vegran, R. Boidot, C. Oudin, J.-M. Riedinger, F. Bonnetain, and S. Lizard-Nacol Overexpression of caspase-3s splice variant in locally advanced breast carcinoma is associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 12(19): 5794 - 5800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Yasuda, K. Fukuo, X. Sun, M. Nishitani, T. Yotsui, M. Higuchi, T. Suzuki, H. Rakugi, O. Smithies, N. Maeda, et al. |
