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PERSPECTIVE
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| The first 100 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Normal mammalian cells have a finite replicative life span. This rather simple observation, which has profound implications for the biology of aging and cancer, was made several decades ago by Hayflick who found that isolated human fibroblasts grown in culture could not divide indefinitely (Hayflick and Moorhead 1961
). After a number of cell divisions (now known as the "Hayflick limit"), cells slowed down their division cycle and acquired a more "flattened" morphology, eventually becoming nondividing, yet viable cells. This process was termed cellular senescence and its many facets, triggers, and consequences for multicellular organisms have only recently begun to
| Replicative and premature cellular senescence |
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| HIF-1 and its regulation of the hypoxic response of MIF |
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| MIF |
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| HIF, senenscence, and radiation response |
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| Therapeutic implications |
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