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PERSPECTIVE
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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The DNA damage signaling pathways mediated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases play crucial roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity and may function as an anti-cancer barrier during early tumorigenesis. Although the ATM and ATR pathways share some of their downstream functions, the DNA damage that evoke these two pathways are distinct. While ATM plays a primary role in the response to double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), ATR controls the response to a much broader spectrum of DNA damage, including many that interfere with DNA replication. And, unlike ATM, ATR is crucial for maintaining
| Hints from yeast, Xenopus, and human |
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| Defining the ATR checkpoint-activating DNA structure |
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| The functions of ssDNA and ds/ssDNA junctions |
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| Quantitative control of DNA damage signals |
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| A multistep model for ATR checkpoint activation |
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| Beyond the minimal DNA structure for checkpoint activation |
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L. A. Lindsey-Boltz and A. Sancar RNA polymerase: The most specific damage recognition protein in cellular responses to DNA damage? PNAS, August 14, 2007; 104(33): 13213 - 13214. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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