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GENES & DEVELOPMENT 21:879-885, 2007
©2007 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 0890-9369/ $5.00
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Single- and double-stranded DNA: building a trigger of ATR-mediated DNA damage response

Lee Zou1

Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA

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The DNA damage signaling pathways mediated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases play crucial roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity and may function as an anti-cancer barrier during early tumorigenesis. Although the ATM and ATR pathways share some of their downstream functions, the DNA damage that evoke these two pathways are distinct. While ATM plays a primary role in the response to double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), ATR controls the response to a much broader spectrum of DNA damage, including many that interfere with DNA replication. And, unlike ATM, ATR is crucial for maintaining . . . [Full Text of this Article]


    Hints from yeast, Xenopus, and human
 

    Defining the ATR checkpoint-activating DNA structure
 

    The functions of ssDNA and ds/ssDNA junctions
 

    Quantitative control of DNA damage signals
 

    A multistep model for ATR checkpoint activation
 

    Beyond the minimal DNA structure for checkpoint activation
 

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