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The triple response to ethylene in Arabidopsis seedlings. Shown here are images of dark-grown wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the presence (right) or absence (left) of ethylene. The seedling treated with ethylene exhibits radial swelling of the hypocotyl, exaggeration in the curvature of the apical hook, and inhibition of cell elongation in the hypocotyl and root. In contrast, the seedling grown in the absence of ethylene is tall and possesses a long root. The transcription factors ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 mediate the ethylene-induced transcriptional cascade. (For details, see Solano et al., p. 3703.)