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Immunolocalization of serine 10-phosphorylated histone H3 in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Shown here are polytene chromosomes (blue) stained with an antibody directed against serine 10-phosphorylated histone H3 (yellow). The chromosomes were taken from larvae that were heat shocked for 1 min. Under normal conditions, H3 phosphorylation is observed at several regions of polytene chromosomes, including the transcriptionally active ecdysone puffs. After 10 min of thermal stress, H3 phosphorylation is observed only at the heat shock puffs, providing evidence for a model in which the presence of the serine 10-phosphorylated histone H3 isoform denotes sites of active transcription. (For details, see Nowak et al., p. 3003.)