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Gli-mediated transcription regulates dorsal-ventral patterning of the mammalian neural tube. Shown here is an immunofluorescence analysis of a wild-type mouse embryo at embryonic day 10.5 using antibodies directed against the homeodomain proteins Nkx6.1 (green), Nkx6.2 (red), and Pax7 (blue) in the ventral, intermediate, and dorsal neural progenitors, respectively. In embryos lacking Gli3 transcriptional repressor activity, the boundary of Nkx6.2 expression expands dorsally. (For details, see Persson et al., p. 2865, and related paper by Wijgerde et al., p. 2849.)